Biliary complications of arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma

Rationale and backgroundTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most frequently used palliative therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is a safe and effective procedure with few major and minor complications. Rarely, biliary complications are also encountered following TACE. The goal of our study was to investigate the incidence and the presentation of biliary complications following TACE in patients with HCC.Material and methodsIn this retrospective study, data of patients with HCC who underwent TACE between June 2002 to December 2014 were obtained from the records. Their detailed information about the procedure of TACE, diagnosis of biliary complications and subsequent management details were reviewed.ResultOne hundred and sixty-eight patients with HCC underwent 305 procedures of TACE. Of these, biliary complications of various severities developed in 6 (3.6%) patients leading to an incidence of 1.9% (6/305). Minimal intrahepatic biliary dilatation (IHBD) occurred in three, biliary stricture in one and intrahepatic biloma in two patients. Supportive management was undertaken for IHBD patients while percutaneous aspiration and naso-biliary drainage was performed for the infected bilomas.ConclusionBiliary complications following TACE are infrequent. Diagnosis should be suspected clinically and confirmed with imaging. Treatment depends on the severity. Enforcing specific measures can minimize its frequency.     

改良Clavien分级系统在经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术围手术期并发症中的应用

目的采用改良的Clavien分级系统对经尿道前列腺等离子双极电切术(PKRP)围手术期的并发症进行回顾性分级。方法对2013年1~12月间171例行PKRP的良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,依据前列腺体积将患者分为3组:<40mL(A组)、40~79mL(B组)、≥80mL(C组),采用改良的Clavien分级系统对围手术期并发症进行分析。结果住院期间,共有34例患者发生并发症43例次,总的并发症发生率为19.9%(34/171),其中并发症发生率A组为11.5%(3/26)、B组20.7%(18/87)、C组22.4%(13/58)。3组间比较,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.405,P>0.05)。43例次并发症中,Ⅰ级22例次、Ⅱ级16例次、Ⅲa级1例次、Ⅳa级3例次、Ⅳb级1例次,无Ⅲb级和Ⅴ级(死亡)并发症。结论采用改良的Clavien分级系统,不需要处理或不需要介入治疗的ClavienⅠ、Ⅱ级并发症占绝大多数(88.4%),而ClavienⅢ级(2.3%)及ClavienⅣ级(9.3%)并发症较少见,无ClavienⅤ级并发症。改良的Clavien分级系统是一种有效的方法,能成功地应用于PKRP术后并发症的分级。     

Human Temporal Bone Removal: The Skull Base Block Method

Objectives To describe a technique for harvesting larger temporal bone specimens from human cadavers for the training of otolaryngology residents and fellows on the various approaches to the lateral and posterolateral skull base. Design Human cadaveric anatomical study. The calvarium was excised 6 cm above the superior aspect of the ear canal. The brain and cerebellum were carefully removed, and the cranial nerves were cut sharply. Two bony cuts were performed, one in the midsagittal plane and the other in the coronal plane at the level of the optic foramen. Setting Medical school anatomy laboratory. Participants Human cadavers. Main Outcome Measures Anatomical contents of specimens and technical effort required. Results Larger temporal bone specimens containing portions of the parietal, occipital, and sphenoidal bones were consistently obtained using this technique of two bone cuts. All specimens were inspected and contained pertinent surface and skull base landmarks. Conclusions The skull base block method allows for larger temporal bone specimens using a two bone cut technique that is efficient and reproducible. These specimens have the necessary anatomical bony landmarks for studying the complexity, utility, and limitations of lateral and posterolateral approaches to the skull base, important for the education of otolaryngology residents and fellows.     

肝豆汤改良方对Wilson''s病模型TX乳鼠神经元内Cyt C/Caspase信号通路的分子调控机制

目的:探讨肝豆汤改良方调控TX乳鼠神经元内细胞色素C(Cyt C)/半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶(Caspase)信号通路的分子靶点并观察其相应的调控机制。方法:本实验乳鼠神经元通过原代方法分离培养所得,分为正常组、模型组、肝豆汤改良方组、丁苯酞组,正常组为正常DL乳鼠神经元,用完全培养基培养,模型组为TX乳鼠神经元,用10%空白兔血清培养,肝豆汤改良方组为TX乳鼠神经元,加入含体积浓度(5%,10%,15%,20%)肝豆汤改良方兔血清的培养基继续培养,丁苯酞组为TX乳鼠神经元,用10%含丁苯酞兔血清培养。采用原子吸收分光光度法检测不同浓度含肝豆汤改良方兔血清作用24 h后,对TX乳鼠神经元内微量元素的影响;流式细胞仪检测经肝豆汤改良方兔血清作用后活性氧(ROS)释放量的变化;蛋白质免疫印迹(Western blot)法检测经含肝豆汤改良方兔血清作用后Cyt C,Caspase-9,Caspase-3蛋白的表达。结果:与模型组比较,含肝豆汤改良方兔血清可显著降低TX乳鼠神经元内铜、铁含量,增加锌含量(P0.01)。流式细胞仪检测发现,含肝豆汤改良方兔血清较模型组可显著降低TX乳鼠神经元内ROS的释放量(P0.01)。Western blot检测结果显示与模型组比较,含肝豆汤改良方兔血清可显著降低TX乳鼠神经元内Cyt C,Caspase-9,Caspase-3蛋白表达(P0.01)。结论:肝豆汤改良方可能是通过促进过量铜排出而抑制神经元内Cyt C,Caspase-9,Caspase-3表达,从而减轻高铜对神经元的损伤作用。肝豆汤改良方可通过减少脑内铜含量,进而调控Cyt C/Caspase信号通路达到减轻高铜诱导的神经元损伤的治疗效果。     

加味陈平汤治疗老年社区获得性肺炎患者痰湿阻肺夹瘀证的临床观察

目的:观察加味陈平汤治疗老年社区获得性肺炎患者痰湿阻肺夹瘀证患者的临床疗效及安全性,并探讨其作用机制。方法:采用随机数字表将104例老年社区获得性肺炎痰湿阻肺夹瘀证患者随机分为治疗组、对照组,各52例。治疗组患者采用常规西医治疗联合加味陈平汤,对照组患者采用单纯西医治疗,比较两组患者的临床症状体征评分、中医证候疗效、外周血炎症指标(白细胞计数、中性粒细胞数、快速C反应蛋白、血沉及降钙素原)水平、胸部CT炎症吸收情况及不良反应。结果:治疗组患者在临床症状体征评分、中医证候疗效、外周血炎症指标水平(白细胞计数、中性粒细胞数、快速C反应蛋白、血沉及降钙素原)、胸部CT炎症吸收方面显著优于对照组(P0.01)。在试验过程中,少数患者出现轻微静脉炎、胃肠道反应和肝功能受损等药物副作用,两组不良反应率差异无统计学意义。结论:在常规西医治疗基础上,服用加味陈平汤治疗老年社区获得性肺炎痰湿阻肺夹瘀证疗效更好,值得临床推广应用。     

补肾活血汤加减结合五神针治疗肝肾不足型血管性痴呆症临床观察

目的:观察补肾活血汤加减结合五神针治疗肝肾不足型血管性痴呆的临床疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法:将180例肝肾不足型血管性痴呆患者随机分为补肾活血汤加减组、五神针组和针药结合组,每组各60例。补肾活血汤加减组给予补肾活血汤加减治疗,五神针组给予针刺百会、四神聪为主穴治疗,针药结合组同时给予补肾活血汤加减结合针刺百会、四神聪为主穴进行治疗,疗程均为28 d。比较各组治疗前后长谷川痴呆量表(HDS),日常生活能力量表(ADL)和简易精神状态量表(MMSE)评分;检测治疗前后超氧化物歧化酶(SOD),血浆降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)和丙二醛(MDA)的变化。结果:治疗后针药结合组总有效率91.2%,显著高于补肾活血汤加减组的70.7%和五神针组的79.7%(P0.01);针药结合组HDS,ADL和MMSE评分较补肾活血汤加减组和五神针组改善更为明显(P0.05);针药结合组SOD,CGRP和MDA水平的改善优于补肾活血汤加减组和五神针组(P0.05)。结论:补肾活血汤加减结合五神针可显著提高肝肾不足型血管性痴呆患者的HDS,ADL和MMSE评分,改善SOD,CGRP和MDA水平,其临床疗效优于单用补肾活血汤加减和单用五神针。     

“放-放-冲”三步改良尿管拔除模式临床应用

目的:探讨脊柱手术后患者尿管拔除的最佳时机,最大限度减少患者尿潴留及排尿踌躇症状的发生率,缩短术后留置尿管时间。方法:将脊柱手术留置尿管的住院患者360例依据所属责任护士分管床位不同分为观察组、对照组,入组后其他术前术后护理2组相同,观察组采用"放-放-冲"三步尿管拔除模式,对照组采用患者膀胱排空后拔除尿管模式,观察2组患者排尿踌躇症状的发生率即拔管后至首次自然排尿的等待时间以及排尿舒适度、尿潴留发生率。结果:2组在拔管后患者首次自然排尿的等待时间、排尿舒适度评定及尿潴留的发生率方面比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:采用"放-放-冲"三步改良尿管拔除模式可显著缩短患者首次自然排尿的等待时间,提高排尿舒适度并降低尿潴留的发生率。     

加味参蛤散治疗缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病38例

目的:观察加味参蛤散治疗缓解期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者的临床疗效。方法:将76例患者按就诊顺序均分为2组。2组均给予常规治疗,观察组同时服用加味参蛤散,1剂/d。2组均连续治疗1个月。结果:总有效率观察组为94.73%,对照组为86.84%。临床疗效观察组优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。最大呼气流速(PEF)、最大呼吸中期流量(MMEF)、第一秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)观察组均明显改善,治疗前后组内比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗过程中2组均未见明显不良反应。结论:加味参蛤散能够较好地改善缓解期慢阻肺患者的肺通气功能,临床疗效显著。     

Critical features of periodontal flaps with regard to blood clot stability: A review

BackgroundWound healing is a multifactorial procedure involving different cell types and biological mediators. The principles of wound healing are also applicable to periodontal tissues. The formation and stability of blood clots play a vital role in successful healing of wounds in periodontal tissues. The aim of the present review was to highlight the vital factors of periodontal flaps associated with blood clot stability.HighlightThe data on periodontal regeneration and wound healing have evolved greatly in light of several factors, including space for blood clots and blood clot stabilization. In periodontal osseous defects, the stability of blood clots seems critical to wound healing. If mechanical forces can be managed by wound stabilization, the gingival flap-tooth root interface may show connective tissue repair. However, compromised adhesion is susceptible to mechanical forces and can cause wound breakage and epithelialization.ConclusionThe presence of a thick blood clot may hinder the plasmatic circulation between the recipient bed and graft during the initial stage of healing, which is critical in cases of mucogingival surgery. Root conditioning can also determine the healing consequence by enhancing blood clot adhesion.